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A cohort study has been designed to assess risk factors associated to return to work. The investigator asks a group of patients with Low Back Pain to complete a battery of questionnaires including the Oswestry (ODI) questionnaire, Brief Pain Inventory, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire and SF-36 general health questionnaire. When appraising the article, you read the author claims “the SF-36 is a valid and reliable instrument that measures general health”, this means:   

A researcher is in the process of validating the SF-36 for patients with neck pain and wants to assess the consistency of the results at baseline, 1 week from baseline and at the end of treatment (4 weeks post baseline) as part of a reliability research protocol. What type of reliability testing is being performed?

A group of 100 pre-adolescents without any impairment ages 10 to 12 was recruited into a study to assess risk factors associated to the incidence of neck pain during the high school years. General Health measured by the SF-36 was measured at baseline and every six months for a period of six years. What was the type of study design used?

What will be the preferred statistical analysis to assess the effectiveness of dance therapy when compared to a control group at the end of treatment and 6 months and 12 months follow up for the outcome of depression? (Depression is measured by the CES-D questionnaire with a score system that categorizes the patient into 5 mutually exclusive categories)

This and the next question are based on the following information: One thousand (1000) college students were recruited during their college enrollment week to examine the risk of suicidal ideation and its association with depression. The principal measure of depressive symptoms was the nine-item depression module from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Additional questions were focused on suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, symptoms of anxiety and stress. The inclusion criteria included college students without any history of suicidal ideation . All participants completed the battery of questionnaires and were follow up for three years to measure the risk of developing suicidal thoughts. At the end the data of 729 students was analyzed over a 3-school year interval.  What type of study design do you believe the investigators used?  

The most elite fast-food chain is

Which of the following commands will display the output of a file while also displaying a line number at the left side of each line for the /etc/passwd file?

Billy would like to mount the remote /data directory on server5 to the /mnt directory on his local system using NFS. Which command can he use?

Which of the following does Systemd use to denote runlevels?

Which of the following commands will send a process’s resources to /dev/null to kill the process for process ID 1357?