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Scientists have engineered the cas9 protein in CRISPR to “Cas9 nickase (Cas9n)” and “dead Cas9 (dCas9)”. Describe how they differ from the original cas9, and the utilities of these two engineered enzymes. 

Describe the key steps in a western blot experiment (6 points). When comparing relative quantitative difference of a target protein between two samples, scientists often include a western blot on a housekeeping protein, why? (2 protein).

List the three components of a mass spectrometry and their functions.

The expectation that exercise can function to reduce pain and/or increase pleasure is linked to which hypothesis?

Anxiety is a relatively complex mental health condition with many characteristics. Class lecture provided which of the following descriptions of anxiety?  This is a multiple answer question. At least one response is correct.  Select all that are correct. 

Clinical anxiety symptoms could be accurately described as: 

In single-cell RNAseq analysis, what is the use of Unique Molecular Identifier (UMI)?  

In Western blot, indirect detection using an unlabeled primary antibody followed by a labelled secondary antibodies increases the detection sensitivity.

To study gene expression, neither microarray nor highthroughput sequencing requires a priori knowledge of the gene sequences, only that highthroughput sequencing gives more data.

What is the role of Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) in the CRISPR/Cas9 system?