A post-operative older adult following open heart surgery is…

A post-operative older adult following open heart surgery is exhibiting signs of impaired cognition, including confusion and difficulty concentrating. The patient is not verbally complaining of pain but is showing signs of insomnia, fatigue, and irritability. Given that pain in older adults may not present with typical manifestations, what should the healthcare provider consider when assessing this patient’s discomfort?

A 76-year-old female who weighs 99 pounds is experiencing se…

A 76-year-old female who weighs 99 pounds is experiencing severe pain. The provider prescribes the following medication: Hydromorphone 0.015 mg/kg/dose IM q4h PRN How many milligrams of Hydromorphone will you give to the patient for one dose? Round to the nearest tenth.