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Let y_t=(y_(t-τ),…,y_(t-1)) be a vector of preceding spike counts up to but not including time t Let x_t=(x_(t-τ),…,x_(t-1)) represent the vector of preceding stimuli up to but not including time t. To mimic the refractory period in the GLM, if a spike occurs just prior to time t, the convolution of the spike occurrence with the post-spike filter h 

Match the pattern of spiking shown in A to D with the corresponding stimulus and postspike filters shown in 1 to 4

The figure shows a Venn diagram of two generic events A and B, where the event B is shaded to indicate that it is known to have occurred. If A and B are disjoint, then there are no outcomes of A contained in the event B.

Use this scenario to answer the next few questions: A 35-year-old male presents with shoulder pain after a fall while playing basketball. He reports pain on the lateral aspect of the shoulder, difficulty lifting his arm, and a feeling of instability. On examination, there is tenderness over the acromioclavicular (AC) joint, limited range of motion, and weakness in abduction.   Which structure is most likely injured given the patient’s history and symptoms?

 What is the difference between the “SLAP” and “Bankart” labrum tears?

For each special test, select the most appropriate pathology.  Items may be used more than once.

Which of the follow structures is NOT affected by the injury of impingement?

For each of the following structures, define the lesion and determine whether it has any effect on shoulder instability; why or why not? a. Hill-Sachs. defect/lesion b. Bankart lesion c. SLAP tears

Question 1 You visit a carnival where one of the games is a “Ring Toss Challenge.” Each participant has three rings to toss onto a set of pegs for a chance to win a prize. The probability of successfully landing a ring on a peg during a single toss is 0.30. Assume that the outcomes of individual tosses are independent of each other. What is the probability that a participant lands exactly two rings on the pegs out of three tosses?

Answer the question based on the scenario presented: History: A 25-year-old male student at NAU presents with shoulder pain and a feeling of instability after a dislocation while playing on NAU’s club rugby. He reports recurrent episodes of the shoulder “slipping out” since the initial injury. Signs and Symptoms: Pain with shoulder abduction and external rotation Tenderness over the anterior shoulder Weakness in shoulder external rotation Question: What is the most likely diagnosis, and what two (2) special tests would you use to confirm your diagnosis?