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Your carotid duplex study documents an occluded right ICA on a 72 y.o. female.  The left ICA has a 50-69% diameter reduction based on flow velocities.  What is the most likely explanation for the antegrade flow detected in the right anterior cerebral artery (ACA) with TCD?

What is the most likely explanation for the absence of a unilateral carotid bruit in a patient that had one previously documented on a physical exam one year ago?  A 50-79% stenosis was also evident on that previous carotid duplex scan.

During a PPG examination for the evaluation of venous reflux a normal refill time is 

Your carotid duplex study documents a very rounded, continuous right common carotid artery waveform.  What is the least likely reason for that finding?

Mr. JP is brought to the emergency room with a sudden onset of aphasia, right hemiparesis ( more severely affecting the face and arm than the leg), and behavioral changes.  Which artery is the most likely cause of these signs & symptoms? 

The normal response to venous flow during the Valsalva maneuver is 

Patients complaining of pain, swelling and erythema of the lower extremity may have deep venous thrombosis, but the vascular technologist knows that diagnosing DVT by these symptoms alone is approximately: 

A patient with chronic venous insufficiency complains of sudden onset of edema and pain in the affected leg.  This may be related to:

A patient with a  pulmonary embolus might have any of these EXCEPT:

Distal to a non-hemodynamically significant stenosis,