A 27-year-old marathon runner collapses near the finish line…

A 27-year-old marathon runner collapses near the finish line on a hot day. On arrival to the emergency department, his core temperature is 41.2°C (106°F). He is confused, tachycardic, and not sweating. Which of the following best explains the pathophysiology of his condition?

A 45-year-old female presents with a progressively worsening…

A 45-year-old female presents with a progressively worsening severe headache, confusion, and papilledema. Imaging studies reveal a large intracranial mass accompanied by significant cerebral edema. Based on the Monro-Kellie Doctrine, which of the following best describes the pathophysiological changes occurring in her brain?