Samual is a 63-year-old male that comes to your office to es…

Samual is a 63-year-old male that comes to your office to establish care. He has a historical diagnosis of ADD and has been managed with Vyvanse 50 mg daily for the last 7 years with no concerns. His main symptoms started as a child in elementary school and include; making careless mistakes at work, he gets distracted easily, he finds his mind wandering when people are talking to him, he has a hard time with organizing his work duties and will be late handing things in, he also tends to be late to meetings and appointments. He denies concerns with fidgeting or talking excessively, he is able to sit for his job and he is not getting into trouble with interrupting or bothering his other co-workers. You do the initial evaluation and you diagnose him with the following DSM 5-TR diagnosis:

Bill is a 50-year-old male who comes to your office with com…

Bill is a 50-year-old male who comes to your office with complaints of insomnia. He is struggling 5 nights out of the week to fall asleep, stay asleep and feel like he is rested when he wakes up. This is causing him issues at work since he is tired at work and struggling to stay focused at work. This has been going on for years. He denies depression or anxiety. He has had a sleep study and was normal. What is your first recommendation: 

Consider a situation where a patient has a higher Potassium…

Consider a situation where a patient has a higher Potassium (K+) concentration than usual in their body fluids, including the interstitial fluids surrounding the neurons.  Describe how you would expect this to effect the function of the neurons.  Would this tend to have the effect of partially depolarizing or hyperpolarizing the neurons?  Why?