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Assignment: The Miranda Decision, Exceptions, Confessions, a…

Assignment: The Miranda Decision, Exceptions, Confessions, and Case Law Objective:To analyze the impact of the Miranda v. Arizona decision on criminal procedure, explore related case law, understand confessions under the Free and Voluntary Rule, and examine doctrines such as custodial interrogation and the “Fruits of the Poisonous Tree.” Instructions Case Law Research – Overturned Convictions Research at least two appellate or Supreme Court cases where convictions were overturned due to Miranda violations. Suggested cases: Miranda v. Arizona (1966), Dickerson v. United States (2000), Missouri v. Seibert (2004), Edwards v. Arizona (1981). Summarize the facts, the court’s reasoning, and the outcome. Miranda Requirements & Exceptions Explain the requirements of Miranda: when warnings must be given, to whom, and by whom. Identify and explain the three main exceptions, with case examples: Public Safety Exception – New York v. Quarles (1984) Impeachment Exception – Harris v. New York (1971) Technical/Two-Step Exception – Oregon v. Elstad (1985) Custodial Interrogation Define custodial interrogation. Cite at least one case clarifying this standard, such as Berkemer v. McCarty (1984) or Rhode Island v. Innis (1980). Fruits of the Poisonous Tree Define the doctrine and explain how it applies to Miranda violations. Research at least two cases where evidence was excluded due to this doctrine: Wong Sun v. United States (1963), Nix v. Williams (1984), or Brown v. Illinois (1975). Explain the consequences for prosecutors or law enforcement when evidence is excluded. Confessions and the Free & Voluntary Rule Define what legally qualifies as a confession, and distinguish it from an admission. Explain general principles regarding confessions: confessions must be free, voluntary, and not induced by threats, promises, or coercion. Define the Free and Voluntary Rule: A confession is admissible only if it is made freely, voluntarily, and without compulsion or inducement. Research at least one case where a confession was excluded for being involuntary, such as Brown v. Mississippi (1936) or Arizona v. Fulminante (1991). Critical Reflection Do Miranda protections, the Fruits of the Poisonous Tree doctrine, and the Free and Voluntary Rule strengthen fairness in the justice system, or do they create unnecessary obstacles for law enforcement? Support your answer with reasoning and case law.   Submission Rules Must be typed and submitted through the course system. Minimum of 700 words No uploading from phones or copy-pasting. No AI-generated text or uploading file, copy and  paste  — violations will receive a zero. Grading Rubric – 30 Points Points Level Description 30–27 Excellent All sections complete. Strong case research with accurate details and citations. Clear explanations of Miranda, exceptions, custodial interrogation, Fruits of the Poisonous Tree, confessions, and the Free & Voluntary Rule. Well-written, organized, and properly formatted. 26–20 Good Most sections complete. Some case law or details missing. Explanations generally clear but may lack depth. Writing mostly clear with few errors. Citations acceptable. 19–10 Needs Improvement Several sections incomplete or inaccurate. Case law weak or missing. Limited analysis or unclear writing. Many errors or poor formatting. 9–0 Unsatisfactory Major sections missing. Little or no case law. Incorrect information. Disorganized or poor writing. No citations or formatting. Academic Integrity Notice: ❗Plagiarism or the use of AI tools to complete this assignment is strictly prohibited.Any submission found to contain unoriginal content will result in an automatic score of zero (0) and may result in further disciplinary action. Students must use their own critical thinking and research. You must type your assignment directly into the Canvas box.  Do not copy and paste or upload any document.  You will receive a score of zero

What will get printed when this program runs? Write the outp…

What will get printed when this program runs? Write the output and briefly explain why. class A:    def __init__(self) -> None:        print(“1”) class B(A):    def __init__(self) -> None:        super().__init__()        print(“2”) class C(B):    def __init__(self) -> None:        super().__init__()        print(“3”) def main() -> None:    C() main()