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Who was the scientist whose work led to the law that states that the volume of a gas varies with the pressure exerted upon it and who argued that matter is composed of atoms, later known as the chemical elements?

Who was the eighteenth-century composer considered to be the most innovative and who composed the opera The Marriage of Figaro?

By 1860, the richest 10 percent of the population in the cities held what percentage of the wealth?

How is Europe’s unequal social organization in the eighteenth century best described?

Under Frederick II of Prussia, the most important offices in the government usually went to whom?

Which one of the following imported products allowed Irish peasants to survive on the small plots of land left to them by English landlords?

Which of the following is true of the European peasantry in the eighteenth century?

Who among the following was the English writer who argued in A Serious Proposal to the Ladies that women should become better educated?

Benedict de Spinoza held which of the following positions?

For what reason did Copernicus support the sun-centered model of the universe?