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The Nurses’ Health Study in USA (n=120,000), which began by examining the relationship of oral contraceptive use with breast cancer, ovarian cancer, malignant melanoma and myocardial infarction, is what kind of study design?

Researchers have determined that those who smoke 2 packs of cigarettes a day have even higher rates of lung cancer than those that smoke 1 pack a day.  In determining causality which Bradford-Hill Criteria does this best fit? 

The Framingham Heart Study involves which type of study design?

The figure shown above  shows the results from what kind of study design? 

If you would like to find the prevalence of COVID-19 antibodies in the United States in 2020, which study would report the most accurate prevalence?

Which of the following is not a limitation of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS)?

A longitudinal (follow-up) study of milk consumption and Type 2 diabetes yielded a statistical significant result of RR=0.7.  The correct interpretation of this is that the relative incidence of Type 2 diabetes was higher among milk drinkers compared to non-milk drinkers.

A study of the lifetime risk and neighborhood characteristics associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes among lower income residents of Milwaukee, Wisconsin would follow under which branch of epidemiology?

Sometimes, conducting a baseline cross-sectional survey and then a follow-up cross-sectional survey in the same population allows the calculation of incidence.  In this situation, these incident cases are best defined as:

Researchers have found a positive association between hours spent playing computer games and rates of childhood obesity in a large population-based cross-sectional study.  They are now planning on conducting further statistical analysis to see if socio-economic status accounts for this association.  In this example, what is socio-economic status?