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The term “machine politics” referred to the process by which every citizen of the city, no matter their ethnicity or race, was a ward resident with an alderman who spoke on their behalf at city hall.

The large exodus of African Americans leaving the South in the early twentieth century  to the Northeast and Upper Midwest was called.

This act established laws that set aside public land and federal funds to create land-grant colleges that were affordable to middle- class families, offering courses and degrees useful in the professions, but also in trade, commerce, industry,and agriculture.

Alexander Graham Bell was responsible for inventing:

The term “graft” refers to:

The derogatory term for American millionaires who were believed to have exploited workers and bent the laws to succeed.

What specific types of hardships did an average American farmer not face as he built his homestead in the Midwest?

This act commissioned the Union Pacific Railroad to build new track west from Omaha, Nebraska, while the CentralPacific Railroad moved east from Sacramento, California.

In 1862 Colonel John Chivington led the Colorado militia in a raid on this Cheyenne reservation, causing the death of more than 100 people, the majority of them women and children:

The term “exodusters” refers to African Americans migrated west following the Civil War