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Consider this statement: “People who use social media got worse grades in college, even when the researchers controlled for the level of college preparation (operationalized by SAT scores) of the students.” What does this mean?

In a multiple regression design, _______ variable is to dependent variable as _______ is to independent variable.

The results of the Bazzini et al. (2010) suggested that overall, character beauty was positively associated with ratings of goodness.

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Ickes is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Ickes has her students report their Fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the Fall semester. In April, Dr. Ickes measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the Spring semester and their Spring GPA). She finds the following correlations. Based on her pattern of correlations, which of the following can Dr. Ickes safely conclude?  

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Guidry conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction. She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in Nashville, Tennessee. Below are her findings: Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = –.57, 95% CI [–.77, –.37] Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09, 95% CI [–.27, .45] Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36, 95% CI [.12, .60] Dr. Guidry finds that the relationship between the number of friends one has and life satisfaction is stronger for men than for women. In this study, gender (male or female in this study) is considered a(n)

PLEASE NUMBER YOUR RESPONSES 1-7 BELOW. At times, self-reports are imperfect. For example, participants might use a response set such as “fence sitting” or engage in “socially desirable responding”, both of which can pose problems to a measure’s construct validity. In the space below, answer the following questions regarding these concepts. What is “fence sitting”? Be specific. Why might a participant engage in fence sitting? How can a researcher solve the problem of fence sitting? In other words, what is a possible solution? What does it mean if a participant is engaging in “socially desirable responding”? Why might a participant engage in socially desirable responding? How can a researcher take care of this problem? In other words, what is a possible solution? Why do fence sitting and socially desirable responding pose a problem for construct validity?

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Ickes is interested in studying the potential causal relationship between doing homework and academic achievement. In January, Dr. Ickes has her students report their Fall GPA (a measure of academic achievement) and estimate how many hours they spent doing homework during a typical week in the Fall semester. In April, Dr. Ickes measures the same variables again (the estimated number of hours spent doing homework during a typical week in the Spring semester and their Spring GPA). She finds the following correlations.   What type of study is Dr. Ickes using?

RESEARCH STUDY: Dr. Guidry conducts a study examining the relationship between the number of friends one has and the experience of daily stress and life satisfaction. She randomly samples 1,500 elderly men and women in Nashville, Tennessee. Below are her findings: Life satisfaction and experience of daily stress: r = –.57, 95% CI [–.77, –.37] Number of friends one has and experience of daily stress: r = .09, 95% CI [–.27, .45] Number of friends one has and life satisfaction: r = .36, 95% CI [.12, .60] Comparing all three correlations, Dr. Guidry will be able to most accurately predict life satisfaction from the experience of daily stress because the relationship

Dr. Gore is conducting a survey examining people’s opinions toward funding for collegiate athletics on his campus. He notices that several participants agree with all 12 questions. This is most likely due to 

If one of the variables in correlational design lacks a full range of scores, this is known as