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A high degree of cellular heterogeneity is the primary reason that chemotherapy fails to cure patients with late-stage (stage III and IV) carcinomas.

The FDA requires that all original name-brand and generic brands of a cancer drug be released for sale at the same time and maintain similar market prices.

A targeted therapy to a specific oncogene may fail to work in an individual patient for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:

Lung cancer is the type of cancer that causes the most cancer deaths worldwide.

In phase 3 clinical trials of new cancer therapies, neither the patient participant nor the treating physician know if the participant is in the test group and received the new therapy or is in the control group and received a placebo.

Most cancer drugs that are developed through phase 3 clinical trials become FDA approved.

In order to successfully metastasize, carcinoma cells must be able to:

All of the following phenomena occur in malignant neoplasms EXCEPT:

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans can detect variations in the glucose metabolism of a cancer as well as its size and shape.

Factors that increase the risk of cancer include all of the following EXCEPT: