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30.0 calories is equal to how many joules of energy?

A gas absorbs 375 J of heat and expands performing 450 J of work.  What was the change in internal energy of the gas?

How much energy does it take to heat 4.0 moles of a monoatomic ideal gas from 20.0 0C to 100 0C at constant pressure? 

How much energy does it take to heat 4.0 moles of a monoatomic ideal gas from 20.0 0C to 100 0C at constant volume?

What is the entropy change when 275 g of water is heated from 20.0 0C to 80.0 0C?

What is the change in entropy when 175.0 g of steam condenses at the boiling point of water?

A refrigerator with a coefficient of performance of 4.5 absorbs 125 J of heat from its 5.00 0C interior per cycle.  How much work does it take per cycle to move this heat to a 20.0 0C exterior region?

A heat engine absorbs 350 J of heat from a 365 0C high temperature source and expels 225 J of heat to a 20.0 0C low temperature source per cycle.  What is the maximum possible efficiency of the engine?

A heat engine absorbs 350 J of heat from a 365 0C high temperature source and expels 225 J of heat to a 20.0 0C low temperature source per cycle.  What is the work per cycle done by the engine?

Different racial and ethnic groups are still spatially separated in almost every community in the United States is an example of