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Which set of characteristics describe Pneumocystis jiroveci infection, an opportunistic disease associated with HIV? 

Brief Patient History: Mr. X is a 64-year-old male admitted to the unit with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and required an emergent left (L)- sided heart catheterization/percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Past history includes diabetes mellitus type 2, heart failure, hypertension, and osteoarthritis. Home medications include furosemide (Lasix), digoxin (Lanoxin), captopril (Capoten), carvedilol (Coreg), Byetta (exenatide), Glucophage (metformin), and Motrin (ibuprofen). Clinical Assessment: Twenty-four hours after admission to the unit, Mr. X is alert, oriented to person, place, and time; and pain free. His only complaint is shortness of breath and swelling in his ankles, feet, and hands. Physical assessment reveals bilateral breath sounds with basilar crackles; catheter on right femoral site, dressing is clean, dry, and intact; peripheral pulses 2+ bilaterally; and 2+ edema noted in lower extremities.  IV fluids have been discontinued and saline lock is in place. Preparation are being made to transfer Mr. X to the telemetry unit. Question: What are the potential risk factors that can alter this patient’s outcomes, specific to kidney function? (Select all answers that apply).

The patient with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is brought to the emergency department with hyperventilation.  The nurse demonstrates an understanding of CKD by identifying the cause of the alteration in ventilation as which of the following? 

What finding supports the diagnosis of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the individual with HIV? 

What causes the presence of myoglobin in urine? (Select all that apply.)

To prevent the most common, serious, complication of peritoneal dialysis, what is important for the nurse to do? 

A patient diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) tells the nurse, “I am obsessed with frequent thoughts about my death.” Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

A patient has developed acute kidney injury (AKI) secondary to hemorrhagic shock. Which intravenous solution would the nurse expect to be ordered for this patient?

A patient is admitted with renal failure. The patient’s weight upon admission was 176 lb. During the next daily weight measurement, the patient’s weight is 184lb. What is the approximate amount of fluid retained with this weight gain? 

For a patient with CKD the nurse identifies a nursing diagnosis of risk for injury: fracture related to alternation in calcium and phosphorous metabolism. What is the pathologic process directly related to the increased risk for fractures?