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Elizabeth Entrepreneur decides to start a new sole proprietorship by investing $100,000 of the $500,000 she won from the lottery, purchasing equipment, supplies and a storefront. She decides to name the company “Catina’s Cool Cookies and Cakes” and it will sell baked goods. Which of the following is most likely true regarding this situation?   

Stetson works as an attendant for the New York Smokies professional basketball team. Stetson was given explicit directions not to allow anyone onto the court, regardless of the situation. The Smokies team doctor is absent due to illness, and the other usual medical personnel (both teams’ trainers) are unavailable as they have just gone to the locker room to treat two injured players; suddenly, a third player passes out. The player is unconscious, and the game comes to a sudden halt. Three fans – a primary care physician, a registered nurse, and an EMT (Emergency Medical Technician) rush down to the scene, and Stetson – recognizing that these three persons are there to take care of the player – lets them onto the court while still keeping onlookers and others without medical training from proceeding onto the court.  It turns out the player had fainted from an unknown heart problem and needed emergency aid. The three medical specialists revived the player, and he was transported to a hospital for tests, treatment, and a full recovery. The Smokies, though, decide to fire Stetson for allowing people onto the court. Is the firing justified?

David runs a corporation in which he owns 97% of shares and is the one and only employee. The corporation he runs is a trading platform in which customers keep funds deposited, both in cash and assets such as stocks. David employs a few unorthodox methods in his business, including misrepresentation of assets, commingling of customer and personal funds, among various others that he hopes will give him a competitive advantage. On a trip to Vegas, David lost a significant amount of money gambling and had the great idea to attempt to win it back using customer funds, which resulted in the loss of a significant amount of customer funds. Due to David’s company being undercapitalized, the affected customers received significantly less than they lost when they sued the corporation for fraud. David still has personal assets worth more than the liabilities of his corporation. Can the victims find  personally liable and receive these assets?

What commonly puts males at risk for stress incontinence?

Counselor Conrada is an attorney from the country of Lowlands, and she is currently taking a vacation in the country of Terrabella. Being unable to turn off her lawyer brain, Counselor Conrada begins to investigate the differences between the legal systems of both countries. Lowlands’s laws are codified in a comprehensive document and passed by the highest governing body in the land. Attorneys in Lowlands represent their clients in the courtroom; these lawyers present evidence such as by questioning witnesses and cross-examining the other side’s witnesses, and they resent their opposing arguments to the judge who is responsible for determining the truth and applying the codified laws. In Terrabella, laws arise from previously decided judgements. Judges in Terrabella question attorneys and/or others (e.g., witnesses) about the facts of the case in order to come to a determination. The judges will then author opinions which become the law of the land. What legal system and type of law do Lowlands and Terrabella use respectively?

Savannah believes that TV shows such as Suits, a legal drama aired on the USA network, have changed the public’s expectations of how the legal system works. As a result, she believes when lay people, such as business negotiators, interact with the corporate legal system, they will have different expectations than before. Which theory is she most likely to prescribe to?

Barry is an investment banker in NYC. Although he currently has several criminal charges pending against him, Barry is being sued by Toni in civil court for “emotional damages” due to a very public and embarrassing breakup in one of her favorite restaurants. Toni had already sued him once previously for this exact same issue in the exact same court of law. Toni’s most recent lawsuit would be denied by this court of law on the grounds of what legal principle?

Last week, Trudy’s friend, Dahlia, bought a new pair of brown pants. Trudy thought the pants were ugly and told Dahlia that she “looked silly” in them. Dahlia was extremely offended by Trudy’s statement, and decided to sue. Trudy admits that the incident occurred, but believes there are no grounds for a case to be made. What is Trudy’s best course of action to avoid liability under this lawsuit?

Lavinia, Bradley, and Smith were all best friends. One day, Lavinia, Bradley, and Smith went out very late to a karaoke bar. While walking home they needed to cross the street. Lavinia, being a law-abiding citizen, stopped and clicked the button to cross the street, even though it was so late there were no cars on the street. Bradley, on the other hand, realizes there is no camera on the light and no cars are coming, so he went ahead and crossed the street regardless of the legality. Smith believes he has a duty to stop for the light not because it is the law but because he has respect for law enforcement and believes he is disrespecting police by crossing the street illegally. Which theories of law does each individual likely believe in?  

Giacomo is a LSU shoe quarterback who is known for his ability to quite literally throw away the game when it matters most. One day, during his rigorous shoe throwing exercises, he negligently knocks an innocent civilian unconscious with a stray purple and gold cleat. Giacomo was promptly arrested and taken to jail to await trial. The judge assigned to his trial happened to be a passionate Gator fan who was excited about a potential national championship season for his beloved Florida football team, which Giacomo had spoiled a few years ago with yet another stray cleat. As a result of the judge’s (understandable) resentment towards Giacomo’s previous national championship sabotaging episode, the judge sentenced Giacomo to a lifetime in prison for his current crime. The judge’s comically harsh sentence could be described by which of the following legal theories?