You are evaluating a person following a surgical repair of t…

You are evaluating a person following a surgical repair of the Achilles tendon. You observe a well-healing 2″ scar that runs vertically along the distribution of the tendon. This type of scar would indicate that the tendon repair was performed using what type of surgical approach?

Antibiotic resistance can evolve rapidly in bacterial popula…

Antibiotic resistance can evolve rapidly in bacterial populations. Suppose that a type of bacterial infection is normally treated with antibiotic A. A person who has an infection with this type of bacteria takes antibiotic A, but it has no effect. It is determined that the bacteria causing their infection have a new allele that makes them resistant to the antibiotic because it cannot bind to the normal target molecule in the bacteria. How did the bacteria become resistant to the antibiotic? Side note: Fortunately for the person with the infection, it turns out there is another antibiotic that can be used to treat the infection, so the person recovers and is fine.

DNA can be synthesized by cells; it can also be synthesized…

DNA can be synthesized by cells; it can also be synthesized in vitro (outside of cells in a lab). We have looked at DNA synthesis as part of the cell cycle, during PCR (polymerase chain reaction), and during DNA sequencing. Here, we will consider how those processes compare. DNA replication in cells, during PCR and during DNA sequencing results in different products. [p] makes many fragments of different lengths from the DNA, [q] makes many copies of the same length of a single section of DNA, and [r] makes a single copy of all of the DNA. In order to initiate synthesis of a complementary DNA strand, cells use [x], PCR uses [y], and DNA sequencing uses [z]. [a] uses dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs). ddNTPs are used because [b].