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A child experiences several viral infections in the first year of life. What is the significance of these early exposures? 

A patient with an autoimmune disease has a deficiency in Tregs. What is the role of Tregs in the immune system?

A patient with a genetic mutation that affects B-cell receptor gene rearrangement is likely to have issues with which aspect of their immune response? 

A 60-year-old male is diagnosed with a type of cancer known for its high mutation rate in the p53 gene.  What is the consequence of a p53 mutation in cancer cells? 

Which substances are released to aid leukocyte chemotaxis by producing vasodilation and increased capillary permeability? 

A patient with a bacterial infection has elevated levels of mannose-binding lectin. Which pathway of the complement system is likely activated in this patient? 

A patient receives a vaccine that induces a strong Tfh cell response. What is the expected outcome of this response? 

A patient presents with a bacterial infection, and their innate immune response is activated. Which of the following cells is most likely to be rapidly recruited to the site of infection? 

During an immune response, a patient’s complement system is activated, leading to increased recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection. What process is responsible for this recruitment? 

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with melanoma. Genetic testing reveals a gain-of-function mutation in the BRAF gene, a proto-oncogene.  What is the primary consequence of this mutation?