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The following statement was written by ________________________in the journal article titled, “Hamas and the Transformation of Political Islam in Palestine”: “Radical Islam emerged not because people were opposed to political and economic change but they were continuously denied it.”

In failed or weak states; lack of a system – Islam becomes a nationalist discourse when it develops as the vanguard of a popular resistance movement against foreign occupation (Hamas, Hizbullah, Afghan mujahideen, etc…)

Al-Qaeda as Peter Bergen puts it, “is as much a creation of globalization as a response to it.”

According to Ottaway and Abdellatif: Islamist precepts originally did not aim at subjugating women but were distorted by social and cultural norms that ante-dates Islam and persisted despite the spread of Islam.  Struggle to restore Islam to its original form is the struggle for women’s rights.

The government agency in Turkey that conducts strict regulation of all religious activity is named: The Diyanet

Radical Islamism has an emphasis on violent struggle (jihad) as the primary or even the exclusively legitimate method for the pursuit of political change.

This group believes that Ali, Prophet Muhammad’s descendant should be the next leader of Islam

The Justice and Development Party (PJD) is a political party in Morocco that advocates for political Islam. It was the ruling party of Morocco from 2011 to 2021.

There is no difference between those Islamist movements that emphasize “jihad” and those that pursue politics through non-violent, even democratic means.

The AKP political party in Turkey was founded in 2001 and it included new urban class solidarity-based groups with rural origins and a shared Islamic ethos.  These groups had been culturally and economically excluded by the Kemalist elite. [Founded in 2001 by members of a number of existing conservative parties, the party has won pluralities in the five most recent legislative elections, those of 2002, 2007, 2011, June 2015, and November 2015.]