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Closure of the larynx and apnea during pharyngeal transport protects airways from [BLANK-1]. This apneic interval typically lasts around [BLANK-2] second(s).

Thicker boluses, when compared to thinner (liquid) boluses, are more likely to:

The stomach can hold about [BLANK-1] of food/liquid after a meal.

Swallowing develops in utero as early as:

When the paired palatal levator muscles contract, the velum is:

What are variables that influence swallowing? (select all that apply)

By about _____ months, the velopharynx closes for oral sound production nearly all the time.

Still thinking about velopharyngeal sphincter compression, _____________ determine(s) the level of this compressive force.

Each swallow within a sequential swallow is likely to have:

Laryngeal penetration occurs more frequently with: