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Increases in productivity due to changes in technological capacity could be best represented by a:   a.  Shift out in the demand curve.    b.  Shift out in the supply curve.   c.  Shift out in both the demand and supply curves.   d.  Shift back in the supply curve. 

In the late 19th century, the chief railroad terminus was   a.  New York.   b.  Chicago.   c.  New Orleans.   d.  St. Louis.

The joining of the eastern and western sections of nation’s first transcontinental railroad was commemorated with the driving of the last spike on May 10, 1869   a.  in Salt Lake City.   b.  in Washington, D.C.   c.  at Promontory Point.   d.  on the rim of the Grand Canyon.

Clipper ships   a.  allowed for profitable shipping on both short and long journeys.   b.  dominated Atlantic trade by 1850.   c.  were among the first ships to have iron hulls.   d.  earned huge profits transporting passengers and cargo during the gold rushes to California and Australia. 

The Northwest Land Ordinance of 1785 provided for western lands to be divided into townships, each of which covered   a.  100 acres.   b.  all of the land between any two identifiable natural objects, such as streams, trees or rocks.   c.  enough land to support 10 families.   d.  36 square miles.

What generated the most revenue for the U.S. government for most of the nineteenth century?    a.  Income taxes   b.  Property taxes   c.  Tariffs on goods imported from other nations   d.  Inheritance taxes

Between 1820 and 1840 freight rates on western rivers declined drastically. The main reason for this drop in prices was _________.    a.  the decline in the price level.     b.   tolls and other barriers to trade decreased.    c.  the decline in monopoly power.    d.  the steamboat was used more frequently. 

Which of the following most accurately describes an impact of the Navigation Acts?   a.  Wages of Southern plantation owners increased.   b.  Wages of New England sailors increased.   c.  Wages of wheat farmers in the Middle Colonies increased.   d. Wage of the clergy in all the colonies increased.

Which of the following methods of generating federal government revenue was first introduced during the Civil War?   a.  the personal income tax   b.  inflationary finance   c.  import tariffs   d.  bond sales

The only mineral that was available in any significant quantity in colonial America was:   a.  Gold.   b.  Silver.   c.  Iron.   d.  Coal.