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A nurse is explaining the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in the stress response to a group of students. Which of the following would the nurse describe as a primary result of HPA axis activation during stress?

Overall characteristics of pulmonary function testing results on a patient with obstructive lung disease include that the FEV1:

Which of the following will likely be seen in the arterial blood gas values of a patient with acute ventilatory failure?1. Acidic pH2. Near-normal bicarbonate level3. Alkaline pH4. High carbon dioxide level

In response to a restrictive lung disorder, which of the following is typically found?

Which of the following would be considered a normal venous oxygen pressure (PaO2) in a healthy individual?

A physician asks you to suggest the best maneuver to evaluate the flow in a patient’s medium-size to small airways. Which of the following would you suggest?

Common causes of metabolic acidosis include:1. diabetic ketoacidosis.2. shallow breathing from a sedative overdose.3. lactic acidosis.4. renal failure.

Which of the following are true of the peak expiratory flowrate test?1. It is effort dependent.2. It is taken from the FVC test results.3. It is taken from the MVV test results.4. It assesses large upper airways.

Which of the following can cause stimulation of the peripheral chemoreceptors to increase the ventilatory rate?

Select if a lung volume or capacity is increased, decreased, or normal in restrictive lung disorders. If the answer is (Increased or Normal) or (Decreased or Normal) select only Increased or Decreased.  Vt     [vt]  VC    [vc] IRV   [irv] IC     [ic] ERV  [erv] FRC  [frc] RV    [rv] TLC  [tlc]