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Physical therapy ______ more effective than surgery in some cases.

The transition from fish to tetrapods is best described as: Like most of the great transitions in evolutionary history, it happened in very few big steps so that there are very few intermediate forms. Like most of the great transitions in evolutionary history, it happened in many small steps leading to many intermediate forms. Like no other transition in evolutionary history, it happened in many steps, so there are many intermediate forms. Like most of the great transitions in evolutionary history, it happened in a single step with no intermediate forms.  

Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods? A) a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates B) an armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages C) an early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins D) a salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes

Carl was late to work. He _______ his house earlier today because the traffic was bad.

On the back of your skull you can feel a small bump, below which is an opening where the spinal cord enters the skull. The location of this opening toward the bottom of the skull is significant in evolutionary biology for what reason? A) It allowed for the hominin brain to grow much larger than other primates. B) It provided greater protection for the spinal cord. C) It occurred as a result of the change to a bipedal stance. D) This change was necessary for the increase in size from prosimian forms to anthropoid forms.  

My dog enjoys _____ squirrels.

Other fossils found in the same sediment layer as 4.4 million year old “Ardi” indicate that she lived in a wooded environment. This contradicts the open savanna theory for the origin of bipedalism, which states that humans learned to walk upright as climates became drier and environments became more open and grassy.  

“Lucy,” who belongs to the genus ________, was a bipedal hominin A) Australopithecus B) Homo C) Ardipithecus  

Which of the following characteristics evolved independently in mammals and birds? A) amniotic eggs B) jaws C) bone D) endothermy  

Which of the following trends is illustrated by human ancestors over time? An increase in brain size A decrease in body size A reduction in the number of toes An increase in the size of the molars and the canine teeth