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If the myocardium is viable but the coronary artery that supplies the myocardium is severely stenotic, myocardial contractility improves initially with a low dose of dobutamine but worsens with high dose. This is a typical biphasic response for hibernating myocardium.

In the cath lab, pressure tracings are acquired directly from the chambers and the peak pressures from each chamber are compared.  This is called a (n)_____.

All of the following are major risk factors for ischemic heart disease except:

Two common approaches are used for environmental burden of disease (EBD) studies – one is called exposure-based approach, another is ______________ approach. 

For contrast echoes, IV access should be placed in the______arm using a______ gauge angiocatheter.

One of the most common uses of ICE imaging in electrophysiologic procedures has been during pulmonary vein isolation for ablation of atrial flutter.

Balloon septal septostomy may be used in which of the following diagnosis?

Abnormal myocardial response for stress echo is___.

S’ reflects

All pharmacological agents increase myocardial contractility and heart rate.