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An older adult with a history of autoimmune disease presents with signs of liver damage.

A patient with Cushing’s syndrome has elevated cortisol levels. Which layer of the adrenal cortex is responsible for cortisol production? 

Which of the following is the most common mechanism of hyponatremia? 

A patient with low T4 levels is being evaluated for thyroid dysfunction. How does the feedback control mechanism respond to low T4 levels? 

A 65-year-old male with a history of dementia is brought to the emergency department with lethargy and restlessness. His serum sodium level is 150 mmol/L.  What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient? 

During which phase of the menstrual cycle do estrogen and progesterone provide positive feedback to the hypothalamus and pituitary? 

The liver plays a major role in metabolic homeostasis by: 

A 5-year-old child is diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome.  What is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children? 

Increasing dietary diversity postweaning helps to mature which GI processes? 

What condition is often associated with pediatric onset and results in nephrotic syndrome?