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Consider the “information center” hypothesis for ospreys.  Imagine for simplicity that each information center only contains two ospreys:  Leader (L) and Slacker (aka: follower-(S).  In the morning, each leader flies off in search of schooling fish such as alewife; whereas slackers always follow leaders.  Leaders pay a “search” cost (C) that slackers don’t, but always find food worth (V).  Slackers get five less units than (V) when they have a leader to follow (there are many more schooling fish than the leader can eat itself, but the time delay affects the food choice for slackers). (1) Complete the  payoff matrix.  What are the equations/variables for (A), (B), (C) and (D)? (2 pts)   L S L (A) (B) S (C) (D) (2)  Suppose that searching is “cheap”: V = 60 and C = 10.  Is the pure strategy (L) an ESS?  Explain and show your work for full credit. (4 pts) (you may use scratch paper and a calculator) (Hint:  A “pure” strategy means that 100% of the players engage in that behavior and 0% of the players engage in the other behavior) (3) What is the ESS? Explain and show your work.  (Make sure to interpret answer!) (4 pts)  

(A) Describe how directional hearing in water works. (Include discussion about speed of sound, shadow zone, channels) (5 pts).  (B) Then, discuss how a false killer whale has adapted to maximize sound transfer in the water. (Include discussion of melon, narrow beams, wide beams) (5 pts)

In the study of sex-biased dispersal in the Great White Shark by Pardini et al. (2001), the authors found that DNA profiles help to discern who was dispersing.  In particular, they found:

Imagine that you are trying to determine breeding dispersal patterns in four populations of kangaroo rats in Arizona.  You collect tissue samples for genetic information from the four populations of kangaroo rats designated (A, B, C, D).  Populations A and B are 2 miles apart.  Populations C and D are 1.5 miles apart.  However, populations A and B are approximately 20 miles apart from either population C or D.  Using microsatellite DNA techniques, you determine the following information from an assignment test.                                                              Population “Assigned” to   A B C D Population in which organism was trapped         A 15 0 10 2 B 12 20 1 1 C 10 4 25 0 D 2 3 19 23 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

What is the meaning of the term ‘feminization of poverty’?

The American kestrel is a small falcon that is occasionally taken as prey by larger birds. It has two large spots on the back of its head that somewhat resemble large eyes. This is an example of

What is the concept of privilege?

What is the definition of working poor?

Most food-borne illness outbreaks can be traced to fast food meals or processed foods sold in retail stores.

A mother’s breast milk changes in composition to meet the infant’s nutrient needs.