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In his early writings, Freud proposed that humans have a constructive, life-giving instinct, which he called ____.

Which of the following alveolar cells are responsible for the production of pulmonary surfactant?

How does renal failure affect K+ and H+ levels when metabolic acidosis is present?

How many minutes does it take the respiratory system to recognize it needs to offset acidosis or alkalosis?

You are called to do a respiratory consult on a patient who has a history of smoking, during the interview the patient says he has trouble clearing mucus and foreign particles from his airway. You would suspect the patient has reduced or limited use of this type of epithelium that is present in the posterior two thirds of the nasal cavity 

A semi-conscious patient with a severe asthma episode continues to deteriorate clinically in ER and does not respond to treatment. The patient has a pH below 7.35, PaCO2 greater than 45 and normal bicarbonate level. Which acid base abnormality is present?

How can positive pressure ventilation affect urinary output?          

In the event of a patient hyperventilating affecting acid base balance, what would you expect with the patient’s PaCO2?

Where are the stretch receptors, also known as volume receptors located?

The following may occur when the lungs are exposed to harmful gases and the irritant reflex is activated, except?