Keep.  Examine the diagram below.  This diagram shows two pa…

Keep.  Examine the diagram below.  This diagram shows two parental (“original” or “template”) DNA polynucleotide strands that have been separated.  These strands are labeled “upper parental/template strand” and “lower parental/template strand”.  An origin of replication is on the left-hand side of the diagram and is indicated by arrows.  The hatched boxes are primers.  I have lettered (in red) each primer “W”, “X”, Y”, or “Z” for reference.  Lastly, I have indicated the 3ʹ and 5ʹ ends of the parental DNA and of the primers.        a.  Which parental strand, the “upper strand” or the “lower strand”, will serve as the template for the leading strand during DNA replication?  How do you know?       b.  From which end of the primer and in which direction, “left-to-right” or “right-to-left”, will replication occur from the primer labeled X?  Explain your answer.

The following question came from the Mastering Biology homew…

The following question came from the Mastering Biology homework. Which one of the following statements about the redox reactions of the electron transport chain is correct?(a) The oxidation of NADH is directly coupled to the reduction of oxygen to water.(b) The electron transport chain takes electrons from water and gives them to oxygen.(c) The redox reactions of the electron transport chain are directly coupled to the movement of protons across a membrane.(d) NADH gains electrons in the initial reaction of the electron transport chain.(e) The redox reactions of the electron transport chain are directly coupled with the synthesis of ATP. Explain why (e) is incorrect.  (Note: Merely stating the negative of the answer choice will not earn points as you must adequately explain/defend your answer to demonstrate that you truly understand the material.)