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What instrument uses infrared light that reflects off the red blood cells as they flow through the body to create a waveform? 

Which of the following is not true about a hemodynamically significant stenosis? 

If a patient has a steal from an AVF graft with no underlying atherosclerotic disease the pre-graft compression digital PPG waveforms obtained during non-invasive arterial testing would show 

Mrs. J. has a brachial pressure of 124 mmHg on the right and 102 mmHg on the left.  What is the significance of this finding?

Which finding suggests that an arterial venous fistula is mature and ready for hemodialysis use? 

Which statement is true about the symptom of claudication? 

So now a question you have never been asked on a test – Was there something you studied and it was not on the test and you are a little upset that I didn’t ask the question? No problem. state the question and the answer and earn two points!

After completing the exercise study, you believe the patient has multi level arterial disease.  What is that conclusion based on?

As you are imaging the distal anastomosis of a fem-distal bypass graft, you find that you have some reversed flow in the native artery at that site.  What conclusion can you draw from that finding?

In relation to arteries and veins, which statement is true?