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The earliest biography of Muhammad, which contains many miracle stories, is Ibn Ibrahim, The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah).

Muhammad’s extraordi­nary qualities as leader and friend seemed to be of fundamental importance in en­suring the Qur’an’s acceptance, but his growing influence in turn was largely brought about by the “gracious Qur’an.”  The two—prophet and the Qur’an—are inex­tricably bound up in each other in a manner perhaps unduplicated by any other scripture.  

Like Muses’ message six hundred years earlier, Muhammad’s message appealed to the marginal members of society—poor people, women, people from lower-level tribes, outcasts, and racial minorities.

Lebanon Please match the term/concept to the correct meaning – thank you!

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty In 2011, protests took place mainly in the following places within each of the countries listed – please pick all the correct answers. Thank you. 

Chapter 5: Gelvin What are the roots of Saudi – Iranian competition? The outbreak of the pandemic, rise in aridity, and increase in Iranian nuclear activity have led to Saudi Arabia and Iran being on opposite sides in a number of civil conflicts and political disputes besides the one in Syria.

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty Which four countries had protest-driven downfall and removal of authoritarian leaders? Please pick the correct four countries – thank you. 

Baathism: indigenous to the Arab world; founded by two Iraqis, Michel Aflaq & Salah al-Din Al-Bitar, 1953; social reform and economic justice through Arab socialism & Pan-Arab unity; anti-imperialist and anti-Zionist; and a toleration of religious minorities

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty According to the author of Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty (& textbook) the underlying factors that gave rise to the outbreak of protests and the calls for change, reform and even revolution were: (please pick all the correct answers)

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty General El-Sisi led the charge against the elected and ruling coalition of Hizballah and Hamas in 2013.