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(01.01 MC) Students in a high school Marine Science class are learning about the scientific process. Four students were asked to write a testable prediction about ocean temperature. Their responses are shown in the chart. Student Response Kyle Ocean temperatures will be 22°C in the year 2050. Xavier The salt in oceans causes the temperature to be colder in the summer than in the winter. Rose The ocean temperatures were colder prior to the existence of bony fish. Laurie Ocean temperatures must remain constant in order to go surfing. Which student’s prediction is the most testable using the scientific process? (3 points)

(03.01 LC) In what location would primary succession most likely occur? (3 points)

(01.03 MC) In which zone do some aquatic organisms rely on bioluminescence to entice prey? (3 points)

(02.01 MC) The theory of plate tectonics is supported by evidence that some sediment layers on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean are thinner than expected. How does this observation support the theory of plate tectonics? (3 points)

(02.02 HC) Scientists have found that Mars has water ice at its poles, even though volcanic activity has never been observed on Mars. Would this prevent the inside-out model from becoming a theory? (3 points)

(03.01 MC) Loggerhead turtles need an incubation temperature between about 28 and 32 degrees Celsius. When temperatures are higher, more female turtles are produced. When temperatures are lower, more males are produced. When the temperatures exceed this range, the offspring don’t develop and die. Scientists have observed that, in Florida, 90 percent of the turtles born are females. If global climate change continues, what is the best prediction that can be made based on these observations? (3 points)

(02.01 MC) The existence of Pangea is supported by evidence that similar fossils appear on different continents. How does this observation support the existence of Pangea? (3 points)

(02.05 HC) Lionfish are a predatory fish that are commonly kept in home aquaria. However, when people are no longer able to care for these fish, they often release them into the ocean. This introduces a non-native species into an area where it should not be. Explain how a lionfish population could become quickly established in a new habitat, and how additional predation and competition from lionfish may negatively affect the biodiversity of that habitat. (5 points)

(01.03 MC) During coastal upwelling, nutrient-rich water rises from the ocean floor to the surface to replace water that has been blown away or moved by currents. How would this most likely change the abiotic components of the ecosystem near the surface where the upwelling is taking place? (3 points)

(01.04 LC) What property of water allows large bodies of liquid water to exist on Earth? (3 points)