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The levels of pRB protein vary significantly throughout the cell cycle

Which of the following is a marker of breakage-fusion-bridge (BFB) cycles?

Briefly describe the basic molecular mechanism that triggers the barrier that counts cell divisions.

Apoptosis does not occur in cells lacking p53.

Briefly describe one role of the shelterin complex and why it is important.

What type of enzyme is hTERT?

For each agent listed below, indicate whether it is best described as a tumor initiator or promoter.A. alcohol ….. [A] B. smoke/tobacco tar ….. [B] C. TPA …… [C] D. hepatitis B virus ….. [D] E. estrogen ….. [E]F. DMBA ….. [F]

Epidemiological and experimental evidence suggests that the multi-step process of tumorigenesis requires the acquisition of [A] to transform a normal human epithelial cell.

Tumors that have metastasized to the bone can weaken the bones.A) What is the molecular/cellular cause of this?B) Why is this an advantage to cancer cells?

[A] are a key source of PDGF in wound healing while [B] cells provide PDGF during cancer development.