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A patient who recovered from a previous infection has a rapid and robust immune response upon re-exposure to the same pathogen. Which cells are responsible for this enhanced response in humoral immunity? 

What happens to osteoblasts after they have completed forming new bone tissue? 

A 60-year-old male with a history of chronic lower back pain presents with worsening symptoms. He reports numbness and weakness in both legs. MRI reveals multiple herniated discs in the lumbar spine.  What is the most likely explanation for his worsening symptoms? 

Which of the following best describes the pathogenesis of lateral epicondylitis? 

A patient with a bacterial infection in the bloodstream is treated with antibiotics. Which type of immunity is primarily responsible for targeting these extracellular bacteria? 

What is the primary pathological change in trigger finger? 

What is the primary role of CD4 T cells in adaptive immunity? 

Which type of joint is most commonly affected by degenerative diseases such as osteoarthritis? 

What is the primary reason viruses are considered obligate intracellular pathogens?

A patient receives a vaccine for the human papillomavirus (HPV). What is the primary mechanism by which this vaccine provides protection?