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A patient with a bacterial infection has elevated levels of mannose-binding lectin. Which pathway of the complement system is likely activated in this patient? 

A patient receives a vaccine that induces a strong Tfh cell response. What is the expected outcome of this response? 

A patient presents with a bacterial infection, and their innate immune response is activated. Which of the following cells is most likely to be rapidly recruited to the site of infection? 

During an immune response, a patient’s complement system is activated, leading to increased recruitment of immune cells to the site of infection. What process is responsible for this recruitment? 

A 35-year-old female is diagnosed with melanoma. Genetic testing reveals a gain-of-function mutation in the BRAF gene, a proto-oncogene.  What is the primary consequence of this mutation? 

What is the role of calcium in the clotting cascade? 

What is the role of the protein p53 in the cell cycle? 

A 76-year-old man with Parkinson disease is evaluated for Pisa syndrome. He leans significantly to one side when walking. What additional symptom is likely to be contributing? 

A patient with a severe infection develops a cytokine storm. What is the primary risk associated with this condition? 

A 45-year-old female with a family history of multiple cancers is found to have a germline mutation in the MLH1 gene, associated with Lynch syndrome.  What is the primary function of the MLH1 gene in normal cells?