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Chapter 5: Gelvin What are the roots of Saudi – Iranian competition? The outbreak of the pandemic, rise in aridity, and increase in Iranian nuclear activity have led to Saudi Arabia and Iran being on opposite sides in a number of civil conflicts and political disputes besides the one in Syria.

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty Which four countries had protest-driven downfall and removal of authoritarian leaders? Please pick the correct four countries – thank you. 

Baathism: indigenous to the Arab world; founded by two Iraqis, Michel Aflaq & Salah al-Din Al-Bitar, 1953; social reform and economic justice through Arab socialism & Pan-Arab unity; anti-imperialist and anti-Zionist; and a toleration of religious minorities

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty According to the author of Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty (& textbook) the underlying factors that gave rise to the outbreak of protests and the calls for change, reform and even revolution were: (please pick all the correct answers)

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty General El-Sisi led the charge against the elected and ruling coalition of Hizballah and Hamas in 2013. 

Please pick all the correct answers: What are the most significant developments in the Middle East over the past decade according to Schwedler’s last chapter: Future Trends and Prospects

Please match the term/date/event with the correct description: 

The term Palestinians refers to the Arabs – Christian, Muslim, and Druze – who have lived in Palestine for centuries. The use of the term Israeli originated with the establishment of Israel on May 15, 1948, when the collective reference to Jews was replaced by the term Israelis.  

On August 4, 2020, one of the largest non-nuclear explosions occurred in Beirut port and damaged over half the city. The explosion resulted from detonation of tons of ammonium nitrate. The Beirut port explosion killed 218 people, and wounded 7000 people, while causing a damage of 77,000 apartments and displacing over 300,000 people.

Jordan: Please match the correct term with its definition/explanation – thank you.