A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department with…

A 30-year-old male presents to the emergency department with difficulty breathing and wheezing after exposure to pollen. His oxygen saturation is 92% on room air, and he is using accessory muscles to breathe. Arterial blood gas reveals mild hypoxemia. Pulmonary function tests show reduced airflow. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his low ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) ratio?

A patient in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) is diagn…

A patient in the Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU) is diagnosed with sepsis and severe hypoxemia. After 17 days in the MICU, his condition has not improved, and a repeat chest X-ray shows significant changes in lung architecture with worsening gas exchange. Which of the following pathophysiological changes is most likely contributing to his ongoing hypoxemia at this stage?

A 55-year-old male patient with a history of mitral valve pr…

A 55-year-old male patient with a history of mitral valve prolapse presents with fever, fatigue, and joint pain. You notice tender, raised reddish-purple lesions on the pads of his fingers and toes. Which of the following conditions is most likely associated with these lesions?

A 38-year-old woman presents to the emergency department wit…

A 38-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with diffuse, cramping abdominal pain that started a few hours ago. She also reports nausea and feels her pain is deep and difficult to pinpoint. The pain intermittently worsens and is associated with a slow heart rate and sweating. Based on this presentation, which type of pain is the patient most likely experiencing?

A 52-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history prese…

A 52-year-old male with a 40-pack-year smoking history presents to the clinic with a chronic cough, unexplained weight loss, and recent onset of digital clubbing. His oxygen saturation is 88% on room air. A chest X-ray reveals a suspicious mass in the right upper lobe. Which of the following is the most likely underlying condition causing the patient’s clubbing?