Scenario: A person is convicted of theft and sentenced to a…

Scenario: A person is convicted of theft and sentenced to a form of punishment that involves public humiliation and physical pain, such as being tied to a post in the town square for several hours while being ridiculed by the public. The individual argues that this type of punishment is not only outdated but also unconstitutional, as it subjects them to unnecessary suffering and degradation. Despite the judge’s insistence that the punishment serves as a deterrent to others, the individual claims that no one should be subjected to cruel and unusual treatment. Which amendment supports their claim against such punishment?

Scenario: A public school principal requires all students to…

Scenario: A public school principal requires all students to participate in a daily religious prayer, regardless of their personal beliefs. A group of parents files a complaint, arguing that the mandatory prayer is unconstitutional. Which amendment supports the parents’ claim?

Scenario: During a contentious presidential election, the El…

Scenario: During a contentious presidential election, the Electoral College results in an exact tie between two candidates. The public and the media are uncertain about the proper procedures for breaking the tie, and there is confusion over how the President and Vice President should be elected in such a situation. Members of Congress refer to an amendment that clearly outlines the steps to be taken when there is no majority winner in the Electoral College, including the process by which the House of Representatives will vote to determine the next President. Which amendment clarifies how such a situation should be resolved?

Scenario: A state law requires that U.S. Senators be elected…

Scenario: A state law requires that U.S. Senators be elected by the state legislature rather than by a direct vote of the people, as it was done historically. Citizens argue that this practice is outdated and that they should be able to elect their Senators directly, like Representatives in the House. The state legislature resists changing the process, but citizens challenge the law, insisting that direct election of Senators is guaranteed by the Constitution. Which amendment supports their argument for direct election of Senators by the people?