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Dr. Hawkins examined class absenteeism and score on the Research Methods final. He found that students who missed class fewer times scored higher on the final exam. The independent variable was class absenteeism.

At the beginning of any research project, it is necessary to explore thoroughly prior research on the topic of interest because

The purpose of an audit trail is to track the number of participants in the study to make sure you have acquired an adequate sample size.

A quota sample would be better than a stratified sample in more accurately representing the population.

A researcher is interested in the relationship between depression and authoritarian parenting. The researcher observes, “Depression is related to authoritarian parenting.” This is called a directional hypothesis.

A researcher should do a post hoc test after a t-test to determine if the relationships are significant.

A multiple baseline design differs from a single subject design because it does not involve a comparison of behavior before and during treatment.

A correlation of .21 is stronger than a correlation of -.33.

What is the charge on each of the capacitors Q1, Q2, Q3 corresponding to capacitor C1, C2, C3 in the figure? The potential difference across the capacitor is 5.0 V.

When a confound is found within an experiment, the external validity of the experiment is challenged.