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A 55-year-old female with a history of deep vein thrombosis is prescribed an anticoagulant that enhances the effects of prostacyclin.  What is the expected outcome of this therapy?

A 45-year-old male with a history of liver disease presents with prolonged bleeding. Laboratory tests show low levels of protein C.  What is the role of thrombomodulin in this patient’s condition? 

A patient is infected with a virus that has an RNA genome. Which of the following best describes the initial step in the replication of this virus?

A 70-year-old female’s cells are found to have entered replicative senescence.  What is the significance of this state? 

Which mediators are commonly associated with chronic inflammation? 

A patient with a bacterial infection shows an increased number of neutrophils at the site of infection. What process is responsible for this increase? 

A patient with a compromised thymus gland is likely to have deficiencies in which type of immune cells? 

A 60-year-old male with metastatic melanoma undergoes genotyping of his tumor cells, revealing a BRAF mutation.  What is the significance of this finding for his treatment? 

A 40-year-old female with a history of radiation exposure presents with a tumor. Her cells show an inability to arrest the cell cycle in response to DNA damage.  Which checkpoint is most likely defective in her cells? 

A child experiences several viral infections in the first year of life. What is the significance of these early exposures?