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Our understanding of genetics began with Gregor Mendel. Mendel established two laws of heredity. The law of [answer1] states that each individual contains two versions of each gene (alleles). These alleles separate during gamete formation, so that offspring receive one copy of each gene from one parent. Mendel’s law of [answer2] states that each gene separates independently of other genes. For a given gene, and individual can have two copies of the same allele – these individuals are [answer3]. Alternatively, they could have two different alleles, making them [answer4]. The phenotype that is observed in an individual with two different alleles is called the [answer5] phenotype, while the phenotype for the allele that is NOT observed is called the [answer6] phenotype.

A chart that shows genetic relationships among family members over two or more generations of a family’s medical history

Found solely on the X or Y chromosome

This type of RNA transports the correct amino acid to the ribosome

The process by which clones, offspring that are genetically identical to the parent, are generated.

The type of cell division employed by prokaryotes

A non-sex cell; all the cells in your body that are NOT gametes

A unique sequence of three mRNA bases that specifies a particular amino acid

Name and briefly state (in one or two sentences) Mendel’s laws of heredity

The region of a chromosome that attaches sister chromatids together; the mitotic spindle also attaches here