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Which of the following is a measurement that is used to approximate the number of bacteria present by measuring how much light is scattered when it passes through a sample. 

Using the growth curve below, identify the lag phase.  

The following data was obtained by incubating Staphylococcus aureus (a gram-positive bacteria) in nutrient medium with disinfectant for 24 hours (Initial), then transferring one loopful of that culture to non-selective nutrient medium (subculturing). (+ = growth; – = no growth) Using the above information, which disinfectant is the most effective at stopping bacterial growth initially?  

A bacteria that is killed by the presence of oxygen is known as a ____________.

Why does a (+)strand virus have to make a (–)strand copy of itself inside the host cell?

A city where embalming took place in ancient Egypt:

FADH2 is an electron carrier that passes a pair of electrons onto the electron transport chain. Where does FADH2 give up its electrons?

What happens to the electrons after they are used by the last complex (complex IV) in the electron transport chain?

The picture is shows the results from what type of procedure?

Write you answer to part (d) in the box below (be sure to also indicate which essay you are answering: Option #1, 2, 3, or 4). (10 Points)