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One’s frame of reference is the context, viewpoint, or set of presuppositions or evaluative criteria within which a person’s perception and thinking seem always to occur; and which constrains selectively the course and outcome of these activities. Which type or types of frame of reference were mentioned in the chapter? A.  B. Personal frame of reference C. Both A and B

_____________ Listening Listening for entertainment or pleasure purposes. This is the type of listening we might employ listening to music, watching television, or viewing a movie.

What did the “war guilt clause” in the Treaty of Versailles declare?

___________noise refers to message interference that results from differences in peoples’ worldviews

To study the effectiveness of treatments for insomnia, a health psychologist conducted a study with 12 participants. Four participants were instructed to count sheep (Sheep Condition), four were told to concentrate on their breathing (Breathing Condition), and four were not given any special instructions. Over the next few days, measures were taken of how many minutes it took each participant to fall asleep. The average times for the participants in the Sheep Condition were 14, 28, 27, and 31; for those in the Breathing Condition, 25, 22, 17, and 14; and for those in the control condition, 45, 33, 30, and 41.Do these results suggest that the different techniques have different effects? (Use the .05 significance level.)a. Use the five steps of hypothesis testing.b. Sketch the distribution involved.c. Explain your findings including: the logic of comparing within-group to between-group population variance estimates, how each of these is figured, and the F distribution.

By and large, few behaviors are more effective at building a solid rapport with an audience than

Consider a study in which the population variance estimate based on an experimental group of 10 participants is 70, and the population variance estimate based on a control group of 20 participants is 50. Show your work and Compute the pooled estimate of population variance.

For each of the following studies, indicate whether you would use a t test for a single sample, t test for dependent means, or a t test for independent means. (a) A school counselor randomly assigns a group of 50 high school students to receive a new assertiveness training program and 45 other high school students to receive the standard after-school program that focuses on social skills. The counselor later measures how well each group performs on a measure of interpersonal assertiveness. (b) A psychologist measures 100 patients in terms of their anxiety levels before and after undergoing a newly developed treatment. (c) The coach of a college football team conducts an informal survey showing that members of the team study an average of 3.5 hours per day. The coach makes the claim that this is equivalent to the amount of time students at the college study in general. An instructor believes that the coach is incorrect and randomly selects 50 students from the college and asks them how much they study each day. These 50 students report studying an average of 5.2 hours per day. (d) A school psychologist tests the memory scores of each of a group of 15 students twice, once while in a very noisy room and once while in a quiet room and then compares the scores. (e) A student counselor measures the intelligence of college students (n = 25) who are first born in their families compared to those who were born last in their families (n = 40).

Relational Listening is the active and involved listening we do with people we love and care about. This is listening where we:

Chapter 10