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Sabrina works as a bank teller. When one of the customers pointed a gun at her and demanded that she give him the key to the safe deposit box, she was so frightened that she could barely move. After the customer got the key, Sabrina was told to raise her hands and stand with her face into the wall for the rest of the time the bank robbery was unfolding. About 30 seconds passed between the time when Sabrina first saw the customer and the time she was told to turn to the wall with her hands raised. When recalling the event, she is likely to estimate that 30-second time period to have lasted about:

Research on improving eyewitness identification procedures is especially important in light of considerable human costs to false identification. Which one of the following is NOT among these costs?

In addition to issues with memory in general, other things can introduce biases. Studies show that interference can take place during the process of identification of a suspect: Witnesses may feel more certain about their memory of an event or perpetrator as a result of _____ and _____.

Negative pretrial publicity makes jurors more likely to see the defendant as _____. When studies assessed if the judge’s instructions to disregard the negative publicity make a difference, they found that such instructions _____.

Pro bono is legal service:

At its high point (in the 1950s), the number of people housed in _____ in the United States reached close to _____ individuals.

The benefit of the cognitive interview is that:

Certain ways of initial questioning of the eyewitness can significantly alter his recall of the crime scene. Retrieval inhibition occurs when an individual:

An individual who has a “recurrent, intense sexual urge or behavior involving sexual activity with a prepubescent child or children” is classified as a:

More than 2,900 individuals are now on death row in the United States. It is most likely that the majority of them will: