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You are discussing the plan of care with a mother whose preterm male infant has bilateral hydroceles.  She asks whether surgery will be necessary and are the hydroceles going to cause permanent damage.  You reassure her by responding that:  

Which is the most common cause of pseudohermaphroditism?

A 25 week gestation infant was treated for two weeks after birth with hydrocortisone for vasopressor-resistant hypotension. Until what age should this infant receive stress doses of steroids with procedures and/or surgeries?

A 28-week gestation infant with a birthweight of 900 grams has 0.5 ml/kg/hr urine output at 48 hours of age. Total fluids are 100 ml/kg/day. Further evaluation reveals the following findings: Current weight 750 gramsHR 188RR 72Mean arterial blood pressure 22 mmHgNo abdominal massBladder non-palpableLaboratory Values: Na 151 mEq/L, K 5.8 mEq/L, BUN 30 mg/dl, Creatinine 0.8 mg/dl, elevated serum osmolarity and urine osmolarity You suspect the low urine output is secondary to:

A 37 week intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) female is jaundiced at birth. The nurse notices petechiae while she is nursing for the first time. Appropriate initial testing for this infant includes:

Which of the following does NOT require evaluation of a disorder of sexual differentiation:

You are writing TPN for a 4 day old infant with a birthweight of 1.4 kg, now 10% below birthweight. This morning, the sodium is down to 132 and the blood glucose is trending 62-69 mg% in the last 24 hours. The infant is receiving 2 mEq/kg/day sodium in the TPN D11W at 7.5 ml/hr via PICC line. The UAC infusing 1/2 normal saline at 1 ml/hr is being removed today. The EBM feeds will be increased to 20 ml/kg/day today. How much sodium will you provide in the TPN? What adjustment will you make in the GIR?

Horseshoe kidneys can be associated with:

The trace elements used in TPN that should be added in smaller amounts or discontinued in infants with liver failure are:

____________________ is responsible for depolarization and ultimately generation of an action potential.