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The thermometer in a distillation setup should measure the temperature of

At what temperature do you expect the 75 mole percent cyclohexane in water mixture to boil?  

The isolated organic layer will be contaminated by water. How would you get rid of excess water?

The key difference between simple and fractional distillation is the presence of

The boiling point of a compound, determined by distillation, is one of the physical properties that can be used to confirm its identity.

Why does the caffeine transfer from the aqueous phase into the organic phase?

How does methanol-water temperature plot differ from the glycerol-water temperature vs volume plot that you observed during your experiment?  

what is the organic solvent used in your extraction of caffeine ?

You have the choice between two organic solvents, one low boiling point and one with a high boiling point. Which one will be your choice?

In the labster experiment you have performed, what is the name of the chemical that moves from the aqueous layer into the organic layer?