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  Ugh, “THE scientific method”…. while “real” science is a bit messy, the order of steps are helpful in thinking about how science is generally conducted.  Which of the following is the “correct” order of steps?  At the top, start with first “step”…   (hint: we have used most of this order in class!!!  I’ve added “Analysis” and “Communicate”… where would you put those?)  

  An experiment is a “scientific test” often carried out under controlled conditions that involve manipulating one factor (or variable) in a system in order to see the effects of changing that factor.   In an experiment to test the hypothesis, “temperature controls sex determination (= male or female?) in crocodile embryos,” a researcher incubates crocodile eggs in incubators set at different temperatures and counts the number of male vs female hatchlings in each incubator.  Which of the following correctly identifies the dependent and independent variables in the experiment?    

    Which of the following statements best explains how the membranes in winter wheat are able to remain fluid in extremely cold temperatures?  

  Water is most dense and thus heaviest at 4°C.  At 0°C, ice forms and the ice can float on liquid water.  Suppose ice were more dense than water at 0°C, what would happen in a lake at this temperature (hint: think of what would happen to our planet)?    

  Sodium (Na) has 11 electrons arranged in three energy levels (or shells).  In order to become stable, sodium forms an ion with….   (hint: draw out a sodium atom with its electron shells and guess its chemical behavior)    

  Match the primary function(s) to the appropriate macromolecule.  (hint:  use each answer once)  

What happens as an infant with a CDH creates an increased negative inspiratory pressure in order to breathe? A. Meconium is drawn deeper into the airways. B. Lung compliance is improved. C. More of the gastrointestinal structures are sucked into the thorax. D. Lungs fill and expand to full capacity.

In comparing the pathologic changes to the lungs caused by freshwater versus saltwater, which of the following can be stated? A. Saltwater causes more damage. B. Freshwater causes more damage. C. Both cause identical pathologic changes. D. Cold water of either type causes more damage than warm water of either type.

Which cardiac anomaly is associated with coeur-en-sabot on a chest radiograph?

  Dr. Burney was trying to determine the cause of a mysterious epidemic affecting fish in the Gulf of Mexico.  He came up with an initial question asking “why are mass numbers of fish in certain areas of the Gulf of Mexico becoming ill and dying?”  His initial proposal for this question was that “deaths were caused by infection from a single-celled protist”… this tentative explanation is considered a(n) _________.