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The classic response to infectious and inflammatory processes is an increase in the:

A process by which retrieving an item from long-term memory impairs subsequent recall of related items is termed:

Scenario IIScenario II is based on and presents fabricated data consistent with the following study:Bègue, L., Bushman, B. J., Zerhouni, O., Subra, B., & Ourabah, M. (2013). “Beauty is in the eye of the beer holder”: People who think they are drunk also think they are attractive. British Journal of Psychology, 104(2), 225–234. doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.2012.02114.xAlcohol myopia refers to the fact that people often react to complex situations in simple ways when intoxicated. For example, we might attend to only highly salient stimuli in a complex social situation. One such stimulus is physical attractiveness. While numerous studies have investigated if alcohol makes us perceive others as more attractive, Bègue and colleagues (2013) wondered if alcohol increases the salience of feelings already held about our own self-attractiveness. In their first study (Figure 5.2A), 19 bar patrons completed a questionnaire and were asked to rank their own physical attractiveness on a scale of 0 (very unattractive) to 7 (very attractive). Then, the researchers measured the blood-alcohol level of each of these patrons using a breathalyzer test. In a second experiment, Bègue and colleagues investigated the relative contributions of alcohol and alcohol expectancies in modulating self-attractiveness. Using random assignment, male participants were administered either alcohol or a placebo that smelled and tasted like alcohol. In each group, a random half were told it was alcohol and the other half were told it was not. All participants were then instructed to create a sales pitch for the beverage that they just consumed. A female experimenter video-recorded the sales pitch. Finally, the participants watched their sales pitch and were asked to rank their self-attractiveness. A set of independent judges—unaware of the condition to which each participant was assigned—also watched every sales pitch and ranked the attractiveness of the participants. Figure 5.2B shows the mean (and standard deviations) self-attractiveness ratings of the participants and Figure 5.2C shows the mean attractiveness ratings as assessed by the judges.Figure 5.2A (left), 5.2B (middle), and 5.2C (right) Reference: Ref 5-2 (Scenario II) Based on the results depicted in Figures 5.2B and 5.2C, what can be reasonably concluded?

An example of a nonassociationistic learning process is:

In a study by Cross and colleagues (2009), half of the participants watched videos of specific dance sequences. The other half of participants actually practiced these sequences. All participants were then given a surprise dance test consisting of trained (observed or practiced) and untrained sequences. Participants who only observed videos of dance sequences:

Extinction of a CR involves:

Patient HM’s memory loss was primarily due to the removal of a large section of the prefrontal cortex in an attempt to stop seizure activity.

A retrieval cue is only going to be useful if the information to be recalled is _____ in memory.

Both reinforcers and punishers increase the future likelihood of behavior.

Extinction in operant conditioning involves: