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Red blood cells have been very useful in the study of membranes and the protein components that provide structural support. Which of the following proteins is the principal fibrous protein in the cortex of the red blood cell?

Use the RAN cycle diagram below to answer the following questions. A. What is nucleotide-bound state of RAN (1)? [A]B. What is the subcellular location of RAN (2)? [B]C. In which nucleotide-bound state does RAN have a higher affinity for the nuclear import receptor? [C]

When visualized using the electron microscope the appearance of ‘rough’ endoplasmic reticulum results from the presence of which protein complexes?

Predict the impact on neuronal activity of stimulating the neuron with GABA, which in this case opens Cl⁻ channels on the neuron membrane instead of Na⁺ channels.

Name TWO (of the three) unique features of the Notch signaling pathway that contrast that of other signaling pathways.

Select the most appropriate description of the targeting signaling responsible for directing protein transport to each intracellular compartment listed below. Targeting SignalA. ER import signal: [A]B. mitochondria targeting signal: [B]C. nucleus localization signal: [C]

The intrinsic apoptotic pathway requires formation of the apoptosome. Name the factor that is essential for its formation. [A]Indicate the cellular compartment from which this factor derives. [B]

Briefly describe the underlying defect that occurs in epidermolysis bullosa patients that causes their skin to be more prone to blistering. For full credit, your description must include the name of the mutant protein, its normal function in cells, and how mutations in the protein can result in blistering.

The intrinsic apoptotic pathway requires formation of the apoptosome. Name the factor that is essential for its formation. [A]Indicate the cellular compartment from which this factor derives. [B]

Which of the following best describes the function of plectin?