A repeat call for service report shows that 234 East Maple A…

A repeat call for service report shows that 234 East Maple Avenue, a single-family residence, has had two calls for a disturbance; one for a fight and another for a loud noise in the last 2 weeks. In a follow-up, an officer talks to the residents as well as to the other police officers who initially responded to the calls. Which kind of data did the officer collect?

Tim drives past a particular gas station every day on his wa…

Tim drives past a particular gas station every day on his way to work. When he stops at that particular gas station one morning he is robbed. Tim finds out from the police while he is giving his report that there have been multiple robberies there within the past few weeks. This incident is best understood using which of the following?