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People at the postconventional level of moral development make moral decisions based on selfish reasons.

Environmental ____ determines how well managers can understand or predict the external changes and trends affecting their businesses.

Fully functional change occurs when incremental improvements are made to a dominant technological design so that the improved version of the technology is fully backward compatible with the older version.

The research on technology cycles and technological innovation applies only to high-tech products developed in the bioengineering, robotics, and computer industries.

There are three sets of federal laws that are important to the human resource management process. They are federal employment laws, federal labor laws (which regulate the interaction between management and labor unions that represent groups of employees, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)).

A company facing a simple environment would:

A creative work environment requires organizational encouragement and supervisory encouragement, as well as work group encouragement.

Nearly all technology cycles follow a bell-shaped pattern of innovation.

CASE STUDY 9:  The Red School House provides education and care for preschool children along with kindergarten students who attend a half-day of school at the local public schools. The mission of the School House is to provide the best individual care for children based on their developmental needs. The program emphasizes safety first, along with education about how to get along with others, good health and hygiene, the arts, and basic educational elements. A group of 16 young children in one classroom range from ages 4 to 5. Jay, the only 4 year old, was placed in the class because of his size (he is taller than any of the 5 year olds in the class) and his ability to learn quickly. Jay can perform mathematics at the second grade level and he is quite verbal, also. Jay and his family are Bulgarian Canadian and Jay is bilingual. Adrienne, who is 5 years old, has been protected closely in the first years of her life by her mother, and her attendance at the Red School House for half a day is her first time to be with other children without her mother. Ricardo (also 5 years old), another child at the center, moved with his family to the city from Bulgaria two years ago. During the morning educational period, which generally lasts about four hours, group instruction is given on a variety of subjects. The class was finishing a 45-minute long lesson on vocabulary building. The students were all sitting in their desks in a row and paying attention when Laurie noticed that Jay was lying on the floor under a table, looking up at the teacher once in a while, but reading a book. Jay had done this kind of thing in the past few weeks, too. While she recognized that Jay already knew the material being studied, Laurie decided that he needed to learn social skills appropriate to the class, so she told him to get up, sit in his desk, put the book down, and pay attention.

CASE STUDY 7:  Chance is a lanky 15-year-old grade 10 Portuguese Canadian student at a large (3,000-student) inner-city public high school for the Arts & Sciences. He has recently come to the attention of the school’s Attendance Officer for persistent truancy. At a school mandated parent conference, Chance’s parents revealed that Chance had been caught and charged with shoplifting at a nearby mall, and has been involved in several acts of vandalism in the larger community. His parents are afraid that Chance is involved in more than truancy, shoplifting and vandalism, and accept the Attendance Officer’s referral to an interdisciplinary Family Clinic for assessment and possible intervention. According to Mrs. Day, Chance’s mother, her relationship with Chance has gone from warm and friendly to constant anger and rage. She believes that the change in their relationship is directly related to her finding Chance and “a little slut” naked in his bed during school hours. Mr. Day counters that Chance is not appreciative of how hard he works to provide for them. He feels Chance only communicates when he wants money. Mr. Day also suspects Chance is using drugs, as he once caught him smoking pot. He suspended his allowance as a consequence, but did not pursue the matter because Chance promised him he’d stop. Documentation from Chance’s teachers indicates a gradual decline in his grades over the last year, with Chance frequently falling asleep in class. School performance and attendance has been the least of Chance’s problems. He plans to quit school the day he turns 16, and does not see the need to continue to study. He thinks the last time he attempted any schoolwork was at the beginning of the 10th grade – last semester.  Chance claimed both parents were too busy with their lives and were only doing this assessment because they worried that he would embarrass them. Chance does not communicate with his parents, and appears to ignore all their “rules”. The parents communicate with Chance only to yell at him or admonish him about things that he has or has not done. They continue to use their social influence to “bail” him out of his acts of delinquency. They feel they do not know this “monster”, and seem to see him as a threat to their younger son Harley. They want him “fixed” so they can have the old Chance back. Parents appear to have a strong committed relationship to each other, as well as memories of positive times with Chance. As an alternative to being charged with truancy, Chance and his parents agreed to follow through on the referral. Mr. Day has already arranged for Chance to meet with the judge in private chambers so that he can do community service in lieu of detention for the incidents of shoplifting and vandalism. Chance has agreed to this, and will work two evenings a week at a homeless shelter. His only emotional expression is a careless shrug. Chance admits to using pot, but feels that he is in control, as he only smokes late at night so that he can “sleep it off”. He also admitted to drinking close to a liter of vodka every couple of weeks just because it made him feel good. Chance has an older “friend” purchase the vodka and has been able to get a reliable and inexpensive supply of pot at school. Chance revealed that he has been sexually active since he was 14, but felt that he didn’t need protection against pregnancy because he was too young to get anyone pregnant. He has had several sexual partners, some he didn’t know. He now has a special girlfriend who is almost 14. They engage in sexual intercourse at her house or in his bedroom about three times a week. They never use protection.