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One of the most common uses of ICE imaging in electrophysiologic procedures has been during pulmonary vein isolation for ablation of atrial flutter.

Balloon septal septostomy may be used in which of the following diagnosis?

Abnormal myocardial response for stress echo is___.

S’ reflects

All pharmacological agents increase myocardial contractility and heart rate.

Indications for TEE are all, except:

 Complications for TEE include all except:

Because of 3D cardiac geometry and complex myofiber orientations, there are multiple directions of strain.  They are: (more than one can apply)

According to recent data, the most important role of dobutamine infusion in patients who have severe aortic stenosis and low gradient is to assess inotropic reserve defined as:

During a TEE a person’s gag reflex is diminished and should remain NPO for 30 minutes after the study.