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The thick ascending limb of the nephron loop (loop of Henle) is almost impermeable to water, but reabsorbs sodium, potassium, and chloride ions from the filtrate.

Which of the following conditions is least likely to lead to renin release?

Determination of blood gases includes testing an arterial sample for

The pressure difference between the base of the aorta and the right atrium is the ________ pressure.

If a large amount of fresh water enters the North Atlantic, downwelling will likely:

________ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assist with inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles, too.

Averaged over a few heartbeats, venous return is ________ cardiac output.

Decompression sickness is a painful condition that develops when a person is exposed to a sudden drop in atmospheric pressure. Bubbles of ________ gas are responsible for the problem.

The cervical region of the spinal cord is drained by the ________ vein.

Contraction of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles can