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The concrete in the core of a spiral column is subjected to a uniform confining stress σ3 of 220 psi. What will the compressive strength σ1 be? The unconfined uniaxial compressive strength is 3,600 psi.

Autogenous shrinkage occurs when moisture diffuses out of the concrete and the exterior shrinks more rapidly than the interior.

Choose the equation that will give the largest factored load when D = 28 kip, L = 2 kip, Lr = 13 kip, and S = 20 kip.

Carbonation shrinkage occurs when moisture diffuses out of the concrete and the exterior shrinks more rapidly than the interior.

Drop panels, capitals, and brackets provide extra depth for moment and shear resistance adjacent to columns.

Shrinkage is the _______ in the volume of concrete during constant temperature.

The tensile strength of all-lightweight concrete is 70 to 100 percent of that of normal concrete, and it is about 20 percent more expensive than normal concrete.

Damage or collapse in extreme earthquakes is an example of a serviceability limit state.

Traditionally, _______basic types of Portland cement have been produced.

The two general ingredients in concrete are _______. Select two.